Free Essays on Gender Roles

Child’s play has been a part of our culture since the beginning of time and is distinguished as a part of growing up. The world of play is an important aspect in the lives of our children. It is an introductory step into adulthood. When asked the question: Does swapping toys change the basic differences in the ways the genders approach play, my answer would have to be that it doesn’t. Our biological make-ups have created boys and girls to have very distinctly different characteristics. These characteristics are very innate and draw a fine line between the way we behave. Girls on one hand have more caring and nurturing qualities. They tend to be more loving and understanding and that is why they were given the role of mothers. Boys on the other hand are a hard, coarse type and are ever more competitive than girls. This aggressive behavior is a direct result from higher testosterone levels found in boys. These considerably different characteristics play an important role in the way genders perceive and approach play. For example, let’s say that a little boy is having a tea party with his younger sister. The sister would almost certainly perceive the play to be a formal gathering in which everything is nice and pleasant. The little boy, on the other hand, would see it as a bunch of cowboys, in a sense, bellying up to the bar. Whatever the circumstance s, the characteristics of children’s genders will guide their imaginations. Growing up in my family, I had two brothers and one sister. Sometimes my parents would give us the same types of toys to play with. I remember we all had toy trucks at one time. We boys would use our trucks to play in the mud, have races, and just do the things boys are meant to do. My sister on the other hand would use her truck to carry her family of dolls. We also all had blankets. My brothers and I would make tents in the living room and pretend as if we were camping in the woods, whil... Free Essays on Gender Roles Free Essays on Gender Roles In today’s growing population, gender roles are always playing major parts in our way of life. Through observation and general knowledge I think that certain gender roles are absent in single parented families. For instance, if there is a single mother who is the primary care taker, then a father figure is not always present and vice versus. I think this leaves the parent under a lot of pressure to provide their children with both a motherly figure and fatherly figure. For instance, in the story written by Tillie Olsen, a young girl is being described as being somber, depressed, thin, frail, and troubled due to lack of attention from both a mother and a father as a child. In this story there is evidence of absence of both parental figures. Emily the young girl being discussed in this story had a mother who is described as being young and distracted for most of Emily’s early stages of childhood, who also had a father that left the family when Emily wasn’t even a year old. Emily was neglected, put in day care, nursery school, sent off with relatives, and sent away to a convalescent home. Thus, leaving her confused and depressed about her life. I think Olsen is trying to send a message through this story that motherhood is important in all childrens' lives. Children need a nurturing figure in their lives. Although Olsen is defining motherhood in this story as a negative aspect in Emily’s life, I think she is really trying t o indirectly convey the message that because this mother was absent for her daughter’s childhood she not acting like the normal adolescent female that she should be. Therefore, motherhood should be defined as a female parent who holds authority, maternal tenderness or affection towards children. A mother should also be impressive or contemptible and have role model qualities for her children to follow. Emily’s mother holds none of these traits for poor Emily, and Emily sees that. She is jealou... Free Essays on Gender Roles Women’s roles have changed tremendously throughout history and literature. Women have changed from the roles of submissive servants to powerful beings with the ability to show their leadership. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, which took place in Mesopotamia, the women’s role starts at the bottom and they are steadily trying to ‘climb’ to the top. They had to stay at home with their children, caring for them, and were expected to remain loyal to their husbands. They had no power, had no ‘voice’ in the society in which they lived, and were seen as ‘civilizers’ (Berliner). In the epic poem Gilgamesh, the role of the mortal woman was only to benefit and please men. Men had no consideration as to how she felt and gave her little or no recognition. A perfect example of a woman’s value is that the most respectable profession at the time this poem was written, was prostitution. The woman in this poem was portrayed in the form of a harlot. She was seen once and wasn’t even given a name. Because the harlot wasn’t given a name, and had very few speaking lines, I, and I’m certain anybody else that read Gilgamesh was unable to view the harlot as a person with emotions. She sorts of becomes and remains an object of male control. Each time she is spoken about in Gilgamesh, she is referred to as ‘woman’ as to say this is her name, and is commanded, not asked, to complete a task. When the trapper takes her to find Enkidu, whom she is seduce, he says to her, â€Å"Now woman, make your breasts bare, have no shame, do not dela y but welcome his love†(p.64). The harlot is only an object of male pleasure. This also shows how women began to use sex as a weapon. The harlot changes Enkidu from a wild man, almost an animal, into a more human companion of Gilgamesh. She has the power that men need to transform him into a character that will benefit, instead of destroying, the society that they have created. From the beginning of Enkidu’s... Free Essays on Gender Roles Child’s play has been a part of our culture since the beginning of time and is distinguished as a part of growing up. The world of play is an important aspect in the lives of our children. It is an introductory step into adulthood. When asked the question: Does swapping toys change the basic differences in the ways the genders approach play, my answer would have to be that it doesn’t. Our biological make-ups have created boys and girls to have very distinctly different characteristics. These characteristics are very innate and draw a fine line between the way we behave. Girls on one hand have more caring and nurturing qualities. They tend to be more loving and understanding and that is why they were given the role of mothers. Boys on the other hand are a hard, coarse type and are ever more competitive than girls. This aggressive behavior is a direct result from higher testosterone levels found in boys. These considerably different characteristics play an important role in the way genders perceive and approach play. For example, let’s say that a little boy is having a tea party with his younger sister. The sister would almost certainly perceive the play to be a formal gathering in which everything is nice and pleasant. The little boy, on the other hand, would see it as a bunch of cowboys, in a sense, bellying up to the bar. Whatever the circumstance s, the characteristics of children’s genders will guide their imaginations. Growing up in my family, I had two brothers and one sister. Sometimes my parents would give us the same types of toys to play with. I remember we all had toy trucks at one time. We boys would use our trucks to play in the mud, have races, and just do the things boys are meant to do. My sister on the other hand would use her truck to carry her family of dolls. We also all had blankets. My brothers and I would make tents in the living room and pretend as if we were camping in the woods, whil... Free Essays on Gender Roles In the article â€Å"Incarcerated Mothers† a lot of valid points and strong arguments are made. We learn in the beginning of the article that majority of the women in prison are mothers, and their needs are often neglected. Women’s healthcare needs and services are often ignored compared to male inmates. Majority of women mothers take care of themselves and abide by the rules simply to get out of prison as soon as possible so that they can see their children. Would it be a different case if we were discussing fatherhood? Yes, I think it would. For instance, incarcerated males receive many of the necessary services, such as, medical, dental, recreational, vocational, and educational services. However, does the male population of inmates deserve to have these benefits? I think that the men take advantage of these benefits. I do not think the main thing on their mind is getting out of prison to see their children. Many of them may not even know they have kids, they may be in jail for sexual abuse and therefore not care about their offspring. For instance, on page 262 the given quote is saying that men get in trouble for more harsh things, they try to escape, they don’t wear the proper clothes that they are supposed to, they get in fights with one another, and are rowdy compared to the women who abide by the rules and are quite so that they can go home and see their families. Clearly, if men are acting in such a manner then they are not concerned about acting properly in prison so that they can get out and get back to their families. Fathers in prison don’t necessarily have to prove themselves worthy of fatherhood, they don’t have to prove competency. Where as mothers have to prove this without expecting support for their mothering role. It is terrible to see that men don’t have to work as hard to get out to see their children. Both genders should have to equally prove themselves worthy of being a parent rather than t... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Roles(Human Sexuality) Gender Roles While I was growing up, gender roles were highly defined by my parents and teachers as well as all other societal influences. Boys were taught to do boy things and girls were taught to do girly things. The toys that children play with and the activities that are encouraged by adults demonstrate the influence of gender roles on todays youth. In my formative years, the masculine traits that I learned came out because of the activities that my parents had me engage in and the things that they expected from me. The expectations that my parents held for my sister, on the other hand, varied from those that they had for me, and this was made apparent through the different activities that occupied her time. My parents treated us in completely different regard. We had different toys, different friends, and we were supposed to like different things. When I got hurt my parents would say things like shake it off, or that didnt hurt that much, but when my sister would cry, they would gi ve her attention and pull her aside to take care of her. I got into a lot more trouble throughout my life than my sister and this was, in part, overlooked as the boys mischievous nature. I played with GI Joes and He-Man action figures, while my sister played with Barbie Dolls. I remember when she and I would play together and the GI Joes would be married to the Barbie Dolls. When I made the action figures fight over the Barbie Dolls, my sister would always get mad. She was more interested in the wedding ceremony. My parents always encouraged me to do things like skateboard, ride my bike, or take karate classes. My sister would jump rope or hullahoop. I remember when my sister wanted to skateboard because I was doing it and my parents would not let her because they said she would get hurt. My mother would cook with my sister, but never with me. My dad would take me to basketball and soccer games. When youre ... Free Essays on Gender Roles In today’s growing population, gender roles are always playing major parts in our way of life. Through observation and general knowledge I think that certain gender roles are absent in single parented families. For instance, if there is a single mother who is the primary care taker, then a father figure is not always present and vice versus. I think this leaves the parent under a lot of pressure to provide their children with both a motherly figure and fatherly figure. For instance, in the story written by Tillie Olsen, a young girl is being described as being somber, depressed, thin, frail, and troubled due to lack of attention from both a mother and a father as a child. In this story there is evidence of absence of both parental figures. Emily the young girl being discussed in this story had a mother who is described as being young and distracted for most of Emily’s early stages of childhood, who also had a father that left the family when Emily wasn’t even a year old. Emily was neglected, put in day care, nursery school, sent off with relatives, and sent away to a convalescent home. Thus, leaving her confused and depressed about her life. I think Olsen is trying to send a message through this story that motherhood is important in all childrens' lives. Children need a nurturing figure in their lives. Although Olsen is defining motherhood in this story as a negative aspect in Emily’s life, I think she is really trying t o indirectly convey the message that because this mother was absent for her daughter’s childhood she not acting like the normal adolescent female that she should be. Therefore, motherhood should be defined as a female parent who holds authority, maternal tenderness or affection towards children. A mother should also be impressive or contemptible and have role model qualities for her children to follow. Emily’s mother holds none of these traits for poor Emily, and Emily sees that. She is jealou... Free Essays on Gender Roles Abstract: Why do we put so much emphasis on gender? From the moment children are born they are classified as male or female, boy or girl. They are dressed in pink and blue so that others can tell them apart. One of the most noticeable characteristics between all people is the fact that some are male and some are female. How society views them is termed gender roles. When a baby is born, the doctor looks at the proud parents and says three simple words: â€Å"It’s a boy,† or â€Å"It’s a girl!†. This is such a happy time in the parents’ life. But before a newborn child even takes his or her first breath of life outside the mother’s womb, he or she is distinguishable and characterized by gender. â€Å"We have a strong need to classify that baby as male or female so we know how it fits in, so everything will be in its place and make sense.† (io.com/~wwwave/men/roles.html) The baby is then brought home and dressed in clothes that help friends, family, and even strangers identify the sex of the child. Baby boys are dressed in blue and baby girls are dressed in pink. As the boy begins to grow, he is given cars and trucks to pay with. The girl is given dolls and Barbie’s to play with. When they get older, boys are encouraged to play sports. Girls are encouraged to join classes such as Home Economi cs. This sounds pretty normal, right? But the question is: What is normal? When each of us was in our mother’s womb and shortly after we were conceived we did not have anything or anyone influencing the way we acted. After birth within a couple of months, although we do not remember but we can observe, our fathers and mothers were bearing an influence on our lives. â€Å"Our parents are the first significant others who teach us our part in this symbolic division of the world. Their own gender orientations have become so firmly embedded that they do much of this teaching without even being aware of what th... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Essay In America’s pastime, a common stereotype has been that mother’s are always the better parent. For this reason mothers often are the recipient of the children in a custodial battle. The sad fact is that custody is frequently granted without any regard to who is actually the better parent and what is truly best for the children. In the essay I, Am a Good Parent by Dorsett Benett , Benett writes about his personal case with his former wife and what he went through. The big issue with Bennett and his essay is that people still have the same view as they did years ago which is men are the working figures while women are the ones who stay home and take care of the kids. Times have changed and women are now working and men are taking the roles that women once had. Although it is very hard to imagine society has changed. Particularly in Bennett ‘s case he is trying to get custody of his children. He put his case together very well, he video typed testimonials from witnesses. Bennet says â€Å"The state legislature can pass laws that says neither parent is favored because of their gender. But it is judges who make the ultimate choice.†(Across Cultures,105).Most judges are older and have the perspective from the times where women were home and nurtured the children. This makes a difference in the decision the judge will have. In the trial Bennett’s ex-wife argument was â€Å"I am their mother†.(Across C ultures106). Although Bennett had a good case and a better custody evaluation than his ex-wife ,the judge still granted the mother custody.... Free Essays on Gender Roles Gender Roles By: Anonymous Question at Issue Affirmative action was implemented with the idea and hope that America would finally become truly equal. The tension of the 1960's civil rights movement had made it very clear, that the nation's minority and female population were not receiving equal social and economic opportunity. The implementation of affirmative action was America's first honest attempt at solving a problem, it had previously chose to ignore. However, there are many people that don't see affirmative action as a positive solution to this major societal problem of racial inequality. These people feel that Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination in the workplace. The Enthymeme Affirmative action uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination because Affirmative action makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose simply the best employee. A= Affirmativ e action v1= uses B= reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination Because A= Affirmative action v2= makes C= employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having the possibility to choose the best available employee. Assumption: Anything that makes employers have to choose from the best available employee from the minorities, instead of having to simply choosing the best available employee uses reverse discrimination to solve the problem of discrimination. Assumption and Audience The assumption for this paper will appeal to employees who do not qualify for Affirmative action, as well as employers and minorities. Employees not qualifying for Affirmative action feel shortchanged due to the fact employers, for a lesser skilled employee, bypassed them. They feel tricked by the government or the minority therefore firing up racism among the bypassed group, while Affirmat...

ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results

ACT Test Results How to Get and Interpret Your Results SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you took the ACT recently, you’re probably eager to see how you did so you can send your scores to colleges or prepare for the next test date. But how do you get your score report, and what’s the best way to interpret your scores? In this article, I’ll go through how and when you can get your report, what’s on it, and how to get the most out of the information you’re given. How Do I Get My ACT Scores? Your multiple choice scores will be available online in your ACT Web Account about two weeks after you take the ACT.If you took Writing, those scores are available about two weeks after your multiple choice scores (so four weeks, give or take, after the test).The ACT says score reports are usually available 2-8 weeks after the test, which seems like a huge window. They're just trying to account for weird circumstances that sometimes cause scores to take longer, like an irregularity at your test center or answer documents from your test center arriving late. Barring anything out of the ordinary, you should expect to see your scores online no later than four weeks after the ACT.After this point, you can start sending them to schools. Unfortunately, there isno way to speed up the actual scoring process; you can only use rush reporting to send scores to colleges after your scores are released. What Will Be on My ACT Score Report? The first thing you’ll see on your score report is your composite score. This is the large number on the top left in the box labeled â€Å"Your ACT Scores†.You’ll also get a set of percentages with your composite score.These percentages give you your score percentile as compared to students in your state (the first bar) and in the US as a whole (the second bar). It's the percentage of students who were at or below your score level on the test. Next, you’ll see your scores broken down by section. English is split into two categories of questions: Usage/Mechanics and Rhetorical Skills Math is split into three categories of questions: Pre-Algebra/Elementary Algebra, Algebra/Coordinate Geometry, and Plane Geometry/Trigonometry Reading is split into two categories of questions: Social Studies/Sciences and Arts/Literature Science doesn’t have any breakdown of categories. It just lists one score for the whole section. For English, Math, and Reading, you'll see a score for each section and then scores for the categories beneath the sections (for Science there's only the one complete score).For each test section score and question category score you'll also see a bar that shows you your score percentile. The question category subscores can range from 1-18, and the test section scores range from 1-36 just like your full composite score.Note that the scores you see for the categories under each test section score don't necessarily add up to the section score. Your Writing score will be listed below all of these scores if you took the ACT with Writing.This score is reported on a scale of 2-12 (starting with the September 2016 ACT). There are four domain categories below the Writing score, each of which is also scored from 2-12. The ACT averages these scores to arrive at your final score out of 12. Just like with the other sections, you'll see percentile bars next to each of these scores to indicate how you compare to other students. Below your main scores, you'll see an "ELA score" and a "STEM score." The ELA score is the average of your English, Reading, and Writing (converted to a value out of 36) scores. The STEM score is the average of your Math and Science scores. Both of these are recorded on a scale of 1-36. Consult the ACT websiteto see an example of what a real score report looks like. What Do I Do With This Information From My ACT Results? So you have all these numbers, but who cares? How can they help you do better next time?If you know where your weak spots lie, it’s going to be much easier to focus your studying.Here are a couple examples of actions you might take based on what you see on your score report: Case #1: You Aced Algebra But Missed a Lot of Trigonometry Questions This indicates that you have a content-based problem with trigonometry. Maybe you didn’t know all the formulas or you're not familiar with the best strategies to solve these types of problems.Review all the formulas you need to know for ACT Math as related to trigonometry. Also review what’s tested on ACT Math, and make sure you’re familiar with all the material. If you see something you feel shaky on, try some practice questions for that topic.Look intothese strategies for improving your math performance as well. Case #2: You Did Well on English, But your Writing Score Was Low The essay can be one of the toughest aspects of the ACT, especially because it comes at the end of the test when you’re tired already. Though the ELA subscore doesn't affect your overall ACT score, many top colleges are still interested in your performance on the essay. If you had trouble with the essay, take a look at these tips for improving your score.Since you did well on the English section, you probably don’t have a problem with grammar and sentence structure. You might just need to work on organizing your thoughts better overall and providing better examples to support your argument. Case #3: You Struggled with Science and Reading If you had issues with these sections, it probably means you need to work on reading passages more efficiently and interpreting them correctly.Check out these strategies for bothscience passages and reading passages.The Science and Reading sections actually require similar skills, namely skimming over information and making fast-paced judgments about the content. If you think the time constraints caused you to miss questions, review these strategies for time management on both sections. Experiment with different strategies for approaching ACT science passages...heh A Final Word on Score Reports Your score report is a helpful study tool that will give you more information about areas on the test where you need to make improvements.It might also be a good idea to order Test Information Release for the ACT, which provides a more in-depth look at your scores and the specific questions you missed. Read more about this service here. Compare your score report to your target scores so you can see how much you need to study before the next test! What's Next? If you're trying to figure out when you should take the ACT again, use this guide to find out which test date is right for you. Check out these study plans to get an idea of how you might plan out your prep in advance of the next test date. Frustrated with your score? Learn how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT, and check out these more detailed guides on doing well on ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Government 2 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Government 2 - Dissertation Example There are times that legislative branch will require the executive branch to be witness against a certain issue. This executive privilege prevents the executive branch to share information. The executive privilege will make sure that the discussions between the president and his advisers regarding their decision can be protected. If this privilege is eliminated, there will be issues and questions why the executive branch reached to certain decision. It might be that there will be clash in the power in the branches of government. 2. What specific items out to be listed on a report card that is used to evaluate a federal bureaucracy? Bureaucracy is considered a process of organizing people and work based on the principles of hierarchical authority and formalized rule. This is considered the most efficient means to organize people to work in unity on great tasks. American government is in practicing federal bureaucracy. There is fragmentation of power in the American political system. I n order to check the federal bureaucracy, there are specific items used to evaluate this policy or process. The first is to check if the whether the power is disseminated properly.

Aids work Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aids work - Coursework Example Under the Global Fund program started in 2002, rich countries decided to reduce debt on the indebted poor countries which also helped improve the poor countries’ condition. Ways recommended by the UN Millennium project of 2005 similarly established ways in which rich countries could help poor countries. 2005 onwards, annual aid for health in the poor countries rapidly increased and so did their health status. Critics of the aid programs are causing harm to the poor countries. They are underestimating the effectiveness of aids to poor countries. Fact is that in a highly globalized environment of the present age, countries depend on each other. Poor countries depend on rich countries for assistance. Research statistics show that financial and medical aid programs are working effectively in resolving the issues of poor countries. Therefore, critics should not criticize these programs and let them be implemented effectively. This was a very informative article about the usefulness and status of aids in improving the conditions of the poor

The importance of financial intermediaries

The importance of financial intermediaries Introduction Nowadays financial intermediations play the important role in the economy. Firms and individuals can find sources to finance its new project. Also lender can invest their money in secure positions. Financial intermediations raise funds from the depositors for short term and lend them to the borrower for long term. The main job of those institutions is to provide finance through taking extra risk. So there are three parties engaged in those investments process. The lender or the depositor could lend his money on secure way and low cost. The borrower can find the finance of his project. The financial intermediation manages the process of those transactions. The question now is that why do lender and borrower need financial intermediation to manage this relationship. Why do not they do it directly without a third party? The answer of this question needs to know the main reasons why financial intermediations exist. There are three reasons explain this issue. First reason is that, the dif ferent requirement of those two parties. Second reason is the transaction cost. Finally is the asymmetric information. In this assay we will focus on the asymmetric information as a reason of the existence of the financial intermediation. Also, in this essay I will first explain the Asymmetric information, adverse selection and moral hazard. Then I will brief some empirical study about the issue of the effect of Asymmetric information to represent the importance of this issue. Also, I will explain the effect of the transaction cost because it has relation with the information cost to avoid unobserved information. Finally, I will explain the financial intermediary natural and their role in guiding the financial process. My conclusion refers to the importance of financial institutions to avoid asymmetric information. I am also touched upon the difference between the risk transferring and risk sharing and the fails of those conventional institutions in the last financial crisis. I reco mmended Islamic industry is an alternative to those convectional ones which can be able to withstand during the crisis because they works as a partner with their consumer and they share the risks with them. The impact of Asymmetric information, adverse selection, and moral hazard on the lender. It is important to the lender to have the good quality and quantity information about the borrower to be in the save side. When the information is poor that means there will be risk exist. Asymmetric information is an important concept in finance and needs to be understood. It means said Bucle (1998); the information refers to the situation where one party has more information than the other party. This is a problem with most types of transactions, financial or non financial transactions. In the Case of a financial transaction, the borrower will have more information about the Risks and return of the investment project for which funds are being borrowed and the lender do not have the same information the borrower does. So it may leads to actual conflict. Asymmetric information more affect lender, before he gives loan to the borrower and after. Adverse selection is the result of asymmetric information which means a bad selection with high risk of default. The adverse selection refers to the borrower with adverse return. Also, the second result of asymmetric information is moral hazard continued Bucle (1998). The lender will face this particular problems, in which always happened after lending. This problem is described as bad behaviour that accurse when the lender take the money from the lender and because the money is not belonged to him he will use it badly. He will use it for risky activities. As a result the lender will be at risk of losing his money. Karlan and at al (2005): investigate the moral hazard and adverse selection in credit market in South Africa. The random sample of 58000, of male and female, direct offers mail used by a larger lender in South Africa by three classes. First, offer interest rate. Second, contract interest rate which is equal or less the offer interest rate and revealed to more than 4000 borrowers that agreed to the first offer rate. Finally, a dynamic repayment with a good price on future loans for borrowers still in a good positions. These three stages supported by full information given to the lenders. The study setup distinguishes adverse selection from moral hazard impact on repayment. The result found that approximately 20% of default is because asymmetric information problems. Another empirical study of the impact of asymmetric information conducted by Gaul and at al (2008) investigate the effect of unobservable information on corporate loan market, and if the borrower gives the lender the incentive to reduce the asymmetric information effects. The study used a regression to give evidence of a positive relationship between some measure of loan borrower by lender, contract terms, negotiating loans, and the amount of non- publicly information. The study found that, moral hazard and adverse selection problems do exist in the corporate loan market. As a result of asymmetric information, adverse select, and moral hazard is the transaction cost. So what do we mean by transaction cost? Bucle (1998) counts four types of transaction costs which are as follows. Firstly, search cost, the borrower and the lender will be affected by high cost of searching for accurate information about each other to avoid risks associated to default and loss money. Also, verification costs, which mean the cost that accrues when lender tries, ensure that information he has is true. Furthermore, monitoring costs, the lender after given loan to the borrower should follow the borrower activities to make sure he will be able to make payment as agreed. Finally, enforcement costs, in case of default the lender wants to ensure that the lender can be enforced to get the money back. The importance of the financial intermediaries The financial intermediation is the entity which in a med position between two parties and manage the financial transaction between them. Commercial banks, investment banks, stock investing services, insurance providers, etc are examples of the financial intermediation. So we can imagine the importance of those entities. For example banks, it does the important role. Banks obtain funds from depositors and then lend those funds to borrowers. Also provide financial services said Fraser and et al (2001). Also individual as lender can get fixed income at cheaper cost. Also, when the lender uses the financial intermediary he wont need to bear those costs. He does not have to spend money and time for collecting information to find good borrower. Moreover, he can get his money back at any time he want it. Also he does not have to bear risks of default the borrower and other risks because the risks are borne by the bank. Always banks have information and policy system about their clients and diversify their investment in case mismatching the maturities of their assets and liabilities said Saunders (2008). Saunders and et al (2008) said because of costs of monitoring, liquidity, and price risk, as well as for some other reasons, savers often prefer to hold the financial claims issued by FIs rather than those issued by corporations. Diamond (1984) developed a model of delegate monitoring. Financial intermediary acts as monitor by promising the lender a fixed income and monitor the borrower activity to fulfil the lender the promise said Allen at al (2008). Another model developed by Boot and Thakor (1997) about delegated monitoring. They assume that, there are three kind of information. First, incomplete and unclear information about the future activity that the borrower is going to do and they suggest the solution is using financial market to obtain this information. Second the lender does not have information about the lender activity in term of invest the money in safe or risky project, and they suggest the solution by intermediary. Finally, borrower might have the chance to invest in a risky project and also they suggest the solution by intermediary said Allen at al (2008). Conclusion and recommendations: In conclusion, financial intermediaries do not exist by chance the economy has found them. As it shows above it exist because the need of the two separate parties and these parties represent the structure of the economy in any country. Borrower wants to have finance in his new project. Also lender need to be safe from asymmetric information, adverse selection of borrower and moral hazard and it is the financial intermediarys main job. To collect information about the borrower is not an easy task. It contains high cost for the small lenders which prevents him to invest his money. Also, he cannot give his money to the wrong person or firm. Financial intermediary could do this job on behalf of the investor. This job can be done by financial intermediaries in a low cost because of the large number of the customer they deal with. Also they act as specialist to this kind of financial transactions. However, financial intermediary is not always the haven. It has also risks of default, credit risk, liquidity risk, and etc. As we experience in the last financial crisis and the collapse of the biggest financial institutions around the world as a result of transferring risk. I think Islamic banks are the solution. They share risks instead of transfer them. Every party have to bear part of the risk to be able to continue. Transferring risks are not the solution, which means party will have nothing and other will have everything as a result part of the economy, will continue and the other part will collapse. Lets imagine the collapse party is the banks. So, the crisis will extend to the economy as a whole.

Comparing Beowulf with the Green Knight

When it comes to groundbreaking, classical literature, not many works can trump what Beowulf and Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have done. Although similar through importance, readers would be hard pressed to discover any more similarities between the two. Beowulf is an epic poem from the Anglo-Saxon period, while Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a tale from the medieval period. The main characters of each novel, Beowulf and Sir Gawain, each endure personal struggles in the â€Å"problem of pride. In completely separate fashions, both of them lust for domination (libido dominandi) throughout each of their respective stories. Beowulf, the earliest of epic heroes, was significantly known for his bravery. With his lack of fear for death, he without a doubt was known as the greatest warrior at the time. However with great skill and the constant appraisal from fellow warriors, Beowulf becomes very boastful in his continued desire for dominance. In fact, his first words of the tale were, â€Å"When I was younger, I had great triumphs. Then news of Grendel, hard to ignore, reached me at home. Off the bat, he introduces himself as an accomplished warrior who felt it was his duty to slay the monster Grendel the minute he heard about his destruction. Beowulf revels in his decision to come over from Geatland to protect King Hrothgar and his people. He feels that this is his opportunity to come and â€Å"protect the thrown† in a God-like manner. Furthermore, in Beowulf’s quest, he completely ignores the medieval warfare’s protocol on weapons. While warriors typically use weapons in battle, Beowulf disagrees with this approach, risking his humanity while stepping outside of his human limits. He decides to fight Grendel on his own terms, and this over prideful, â€Å"superheroesque† mind frame (first interpreted as heroic) would come back to haunt Beowulf in his eventual death. As the story of Beowulf continues, Beowulf’s pride wears him down in his lust for domination. King Hrothgar, at one point, even warns a younger Beowulf to not let libido dominandi occur. Hrothgar proclaims, â€Å"He covets and resents; dishonors custom and bestows no gold; and because of good things that the Heavenly Powers gave him in the past he ignores the shape of things to come †¦ O flowers of warriors, beware of that trap. Choose, dear Beowulf, the better part, eternal rewards. Do not give way to pride. † However, Hrothgar’s advice doesn’t seem to help in Beowulf’s clash with the dragon towards the end of the tale. Beowulf was praised for his nobility when he was younger, but his aging only increased his lust for domination. He simply doesn’t care about the repercussions of his death, and how leaving them unprotected would severely impact his people. In conclusion, Beowulf recklessly battles this dragon to the death. He praises God before his death as he states, â€Å"To the everlasting Lord of all, to the King of Glory, I give thanks that I behold this treasure here in front of me, that I have been allowed to leave my people so well endowed on the day I die. † This ending, going out in a blaze of glory, was exactly what Beowulf wanted to happen. It was not exactly his fate, but his desire for glory was simply too strong, thus neglecting what should have been most important to him: the safety of his people. If he was truly a great hero, he would put the well being of others before his desire for dominance. In the case of Sir Gawain, his libido dominandi was enigmatic. Personal honor and valor seemed to be the two most important aspects of his life. Differing from Beowulf, Sir Gawain’s quest is a moral epic, and not one of physical attrition. However, Sir Gawain’s libido dominandi stems from his false humility, or in other words, his refusal to accept human failure. In the introduction of the story, the Green Knight travels over to King Arthur’s castle and demonstrates his Christmas game. At first, Arthur is asked to be put to the test, but in an act of chivalry, Sir Gawain (Arthur’s nephew/right hand man at the knight’s roundtable) steps up. He explains, â€Å"While so bold men about upon benches sit, That no host under heaven is hardier of will, Nor better brothers-in-arms where battle is joined; I am the weakest, well I know, and of wit feeblest; And the loss of my life would be least of any. † It is almost as if Sir Gawain undersells himself so much, to only further enhance his heroism. During his travels the corresponding winter season, Sir Gawain’s internal conflicts continue. He is fighting against his own demons; there is no Grendel (or any other physical monster for that matter) in this story, just a desire for moral reformation and satisfaction from others. In his stay at the Bertilak of Hautdesert’s castle, Sir Gawain’s morale is only further boosted. Bertilak states, â€Å"As long as I may live, my luck is the better that Gawain was my guest at God’s own feast! † In response, Sir Gawain quickly deflects the compliment and explains that the honor is his. Furthermore, after Gawain’s final interaction with the Green Knight, he flinches when the axe is first wielded towards his neck. This of course is a normal human reaction. But to this noble knight, it is completely unacceptable. This corresponds with his problems of Pride; Sir Gawain wears the green girdle around his arm given to him by Bertilak’s wife to constantly remind him of his wrongdoings (slightly giving into her seduction). After returning to a hero’s welcome, Sir Gawain’s false humility continues as he sulks about his minor faults and lives in shame. However, as those who surround him maintain their commemoration of him, his libido dominandi clandestinely grows. Throughout the text, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, a common theme of â€Å"doubleness† is used effectively to portray the complexity of medieval life. In other words, there was never just one, blatant solution to courtly issues. In the case of chivalry, Sir Gawain was faced with social courtesy (secular) versus Christian courtesy (religious). In the case of the Green Knight, two separate images of positivity and negativity were deliberated. And in the case of the girdle, the knotted belt and open belt showcased two different connotations. During the medieval period, the policy of chivalry to the aristocracy ruled above all. It was a code of conduct developed from warrior knights. The debate between religion versus politics was significant during the â€Å"High Middle Ages† as personal morality became a big issue in 1400’s English literature. When Sir Gawain is first introduced to Sir Bertilak’s wife, â€Å"he politely approached; to the elder in homage he humbly bows; the lovelier he salutes with a light embrace. He claims a comely kiss, and courteously he speaks; they welcome him warmly, and straightaway he asks to be received as their servant, if they so desire. Honor, graciousness, and respect marked the typical knight’s introduction. However, Sir Gawain begins to question his honor when Bertilak’s wife begins her seduction tactics. Gawain is faced with the â€Å"doubleness† issue of doing what is right as a Christian versus doing what is right in knighthood. Should he deny the sexual advances because it was another man’s wife, therefore it was a sin against God, or should he accept the lady’s wishes out of honor and respect. The theme of temptation becomes the heart of this tale, as Sir Gawain’s adherence to the code of chivalry is constantly put to the test. After rejecting the first two advances, Sir Gawain begins to crack a little during the third and final bedroom scene. Bertilak’s wife changes her evasive language to a more assertive style, and her attire (moderate in earlier scenes) suddenly becomes risque and revealing. He declares, â€Å"My body is here at hand; your each wish to fulfill; your servant to command I am, and shall be still. † Gawain gives in due to the laws of chivalry, where knights are required to respect the set of laws concerning courtly love, and do whatever a damsel asks. The Green Knight also plays a huge role in continuing with the â€Å"doubleness† theme. This character is extremely difficult to interpret as some view him as a devilish figure whose only purpose is to tempt Gawain into sin, while some view him as a holistic figure whose purpose is to build Gawain into becoming an improved knight. In the Green Knight’s introduction to the Christmas party, he arrives with a holly branch and an axe. The holly branch represents peace and happiness, while the axe is supposed to represent violence and death. Furthermore, he states, â€Å"Not all, I think, for dread, but some of courteous grace let him who was their head be spokesman in that place. He immediately references God, but then counteracts that with his threats of beheading someone. To the reader, these two polar opposites begin to question what the Green Knight’s true intentions are. In addition, even the color green goes along the lines of the â€Å"doubleness† theme. During the medieval ages, the color green was conveyed as life, love, hope, and the birth chamber to some; while to others it provoked thoughts of jealousy, death, and sometimes the color of the devil. Towards the conclusion of the tale, the Green Knight’s true persona becomes revealed as he turns out to be the host, Sir Bertilak. This plays on with the theme of temptation, as this was all set up to test Sir Gawain’s honor and virtuosity. The girdle, which is the third theme of â€Å"doubleness,† contains a symbolic meaning that has been interpreted in a variety of ways. The girdle can be viewed as sexual or spiritual. Accordingly, the knotted belt of the girdle represented chastity, good faith, and virginity while on the contrary, the open belt represented sexual advances and poor faith. This girdle is very lavish, as it is made out of green silk and embroidered with gold thread (colors that link it to the Green Knight). Sir Bertilak’s wife claims that it possesses the power to keep the wearer of it away from harm. However, it is deciphered towards the end of the story that this girdle indeed has no magical properties, and was simply another experimental tactic used against Sir Gawain. While Gawain is able to resist the brunt of Bertilak’s wife’s sexual advances, he is unable to resist the powers of the girdle. When Bertilak returns home from each of his hunting trips, Gawain does not reveal the girdle and instead hides it in shame. This showcases the spiritual interpretation; his acceptance of the girdle is a sign of his faltering faith in God. After the Green Knight reveals his identity as Sir Bertilak/the host, Gawain curses the girdle for he believes it represents his cowardice. He states, â€Å"But your girdle, God love you! I gladly shall take and be pleased to possess, not for the pure gold, nor the bright belt itself, nor the beauteous pendants, nor for wealth, nor worldly state, nor workmanship fine, but a sign of excess it shall seem oftentimes when I ride in renown, and remember with shame the faults and frailty of the fresh preserve. Yet, the others celebrate him during his return from the quest. To show their support, Arthur and his people wear green, silk baldrics that appear just like Gawain’s girdle. The double interpretation of the girdle corresponds with its complex, multi-faceted symbol. This theme of â€Å"doubleness†, the constant use of temptation with more than one side, bec omes the main driving point in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.

Invisible Man Tone Essay - 2131 Words

Tone Essay In the novel Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison, the author portrays distinguishable tones throughout the book with several literary devices. The main devices that Ellison most commonly utilizes are diction, imagery, details, language, and overall sentence structure or syntax. In the novel the main character or invisible man undergoes a series of dramatic events that affect the authors tone and the main characters overall outlook on his life and society. The author interweaves the devices mentioned to set a tone for the reader and purposely create a sense of feeling and emotion that the main character is experiencing at the time. The novel is introduced with a prologue where the author acquaints us with the†¦show more content†¦203) The author also uses imagery within the paint factory to portray a snooty and arrogant tone of the workers and the paint factory as a whole. White! Its the purest white that can be found. Nobody makes a paint any whiter. (pg 197) Along with the subject of the paint factory the author uses symbols as details to portray an arrogant tone. He uses symbols of the colors white and black. The optic white paint that he refers to can cover up the darkest black, therefore showing that the white population attempts to cover the black population because they are viewed as inferior. After invisible mans injury at Optic White Paints he comes into contact with Mary Rambo. Mary takes on the role as a personal savior to the main character by taking care of him and giving him a place to stay. In Marys apartment the main characters tone becomes that of solidarity. He notices that she is hom ely and takes upon a mother figure. During this point in the story invisible mans character tone becomes frantic and nervous because of his money situation. When he makes an unplanned speech as an elderly couple gets evicted, he comes into contact with Brother Jack who offers him a job of public speaking. 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